Publications on Mesurement Guidelines, Operating Procedures, and Intercomparisons

• General Guidelines on Aerosol Sampling, Instrument Setup, and Station Operation

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations
  • GAW-WCCAP recommendations for aerosol inlets and sampling
    Guidelines on inlet design for different ambient environments and station settings.
  • GAW - WCCAP recommendation for aerosol drying
    Guidelines on conditioning and drying the aerosol sample depending on ambient temperature.
  • Station audit check list for atmospheric aerosol property observatrions.
    The station audit check list highlights the points most critical for station operation concerning data quality assurance.

• Measurements of Particle Number Concentration

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including a chapter on measuring particle number concentration.
  • Particle counting efficiencies of new TSI condensation particle counters
    Hermann, M., et al., J. Aerosol Sci. 38, 674 – 682.
    A detailed characterisation of the latest generation butanol- and water-based TSI condensation particle counters.

• Measurements of Particle Number Size Distribution (fine mode)

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including an introdution chapter on measuring the particle number size distribution.
  • GAW - WCCAP recommendation mobility particle size spectrometer: Part I recommended instrument set-up
    How to design an instrument for measuring the electrical mobility particle number size distribution.
  • GAW - WCCAP recommendation mobility particle size spectrometers - Part II recommended particle loss correction
    How to correct for diffusion losses when analysing data from particle mobility size spectrometers.
  • GAW – WCCAP recommendation mobility particle size spectrometers - Part III Standard Operation Procedure
    Essential aspects for assuring the continued data quality when operating a mobility size spectrometer.
  • GAW – WCCAP recommendation mobility particle size spectrometers - Part IV Constants and Relevant Equations
    The theory behind particle mobility size spectrometers.
  • Mobility particle size spectrometers: harmonization of technical standards and data structure to facilitate high quality long-term observations of atmospheric particle number size distributions
    Wiedensohler et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5, 657-685
    The most authoritative peer-reviewed resource on design, sampling, operation, and data reporting for particle mobility size spectrometers.

• Measurements of the Aerosol Particle Scattering Coefficient

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including an introdution on measuring the aerosol particle scattering coefficient.
  • GAW report No. 200
    WMO/GAW report containing one chapter each on operation procedures, quality assurance, and data handling for the TSI 3563 and ECOTECH M9003 integrating nephelometers.
  • Performance Characteristics of a High-Sensitivity, Three-Wavelength, Total Scatter/Backscatter Nephelometer
    Anderson et al., J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 13, 967–986.
    Peer-reviewed standard Operating Procedure for TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer.
  • Determining Aerosol Radiative Properties Using the TSI 3563 Integrating Nephelometer
    Anderson and Ogren, Aerosol Sci. Tech. 29(1), 57-69.
    Standard Operating Procedure for TSI 3563 integrating nephelometer, part 2, including formulas for correcting instrument artefacts through angular truncation.
  • Design and performance of a three-wavelength LED-based total scatter and backscatter integrating nephelometer
    Müller et al., Atmos. Meas.Tech. 4, 1291-1303.
    Performance comparison between the ECOTECH Aurora 3000 and the TSI 3563 integrating nephelometers, including a procedure for correcting instrument artefacts through angular truncation for the ECOTECH Aurora 3000.
  • IMPROVE Standard Operating Protocols, Optical Monitoring
    Webpage linking to the Standard Operating Procedures for monitoring aerosol optical properties used in the U.S. IMPROVE network.
  • Intercomparisons and Aerosol Calibrations of 12 Commercial Integrating Nephelometers of Three Manufacturers
    Heintzenberg, J., et al., J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 23, 902–914.
    Early intercomparison exercise for integrating nephelometers.
  • Angular Illumination and Truncation of Three Different Integrating Nephelometers: Implications for Empirical, Size-Based Corrections
    Müller, T., et al., Aerosol Sci. Tech. 43(6), 581–586.
    Another intercomparison exercise for integrating nephelometers.

• Measurements of the Aerosol Particle Absorption Coefficient

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including an introdution on measuring the aerosol particle absorption coefficient.
  • GAW report No. 200
    WMO/GAW report containing one chapter each on operation procedures, quality assurance, and data handling for the Radiance Research Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) and the Thermo 5012 Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP).
  • Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols
    Bond, T.C. et al., Aerosol Sci. Tech. 30(6), 582-600.
    Reference publication for data processing and corrections for cross-sensitivity to particle scattering for the Radiance Research Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP). The information in this article needs to be used together with the update given in the article below.
  • Comment on “Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols”
    Ogren, J.A., Aerosol Sci. Tech. 44(8), 589-591.
    Comment on the above reference publication for the Radiance Research Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP). The article includes an important update to the correction for cross-sensitivity to particle scattering.
  • Multi-angle absorption photometry—a new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon
    Petzold and Schönlinner, J. Aerosol Sci. 35(4), 421-441.
    Reference publication for data processing and quality assurance for the Thermo 5012 Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), including instructions on how to convert the equivalent black carbon concentration reported by the instrument to the property actually measured, the aerosol absorption coefficient.
  • Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops
    Müller, T., et al., Atmos. Meas tech. 4, 245-268.
    Results from 2 intercomparison workshops on instruments measuring the aerosol absorption coefficient, including the Radiance Research Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP), the Thermo 5012 Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), and the Magee Scientific Aethalometer.

• Measurements of Aerosol Particle Mass Concentration

  • GAW report No. 200
    WMO/GAW report containing chapters on conducting, quality assuring, and reporting: 1) offline gravimetric measurements of the particle mass concentration following North American protocols; 2) online measurements of the particle mass concentration using attenuation of beta-radiation with the Met One Instruments BAM-1020 beta attenuation monitor.
  • EMEP manual for sampling and chemical analysis
    Operating procedure and quality assurance manual of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), including sections on offline gravimetric measurements of the particle mass concentration following European protocols.

• Measurements of Aerosol Particle Inorganic Chemical Composition

  • EMEP manual for sampling and chemical analysis
    Operating procedure and quality assurance manual of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), including sections on offline measurements of particle-phase inorganic composition following European protocols.
  • GAW report No. 200
    WMO/GAW report containing a chapter on conducting, quality assuring, and reporting offline measurements of particle-phase inorganic composition.

• Measurements of Particulate OC / EC concentrations

  • Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol
    Cavalli et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3, 79-89.
    Guidelines on taking and analysing aerosol samples for measuring the particulate organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations by thermal-optical analysis using the European EUSAAR protocol.

• Measurements of Cloud Condensation Nucleus Concentration

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including a chapter on measuring the cloud condensation nucleus concentration as a function of water vapour supersaturation.

• Measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including a chapter on measuring the aerosol optical depth by filter radiometer.
  • Manual of the Precision Filter Radiometer
    PFR manual, containing description of data analysis and quality assurance.

• Measurements of Profile of Aerosol Backscattering and Extinction

  • GAW report No. 153
    WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations, including a chapter on measuring the profile of aerosol backscatter and extinction by lidar.

Publications Using or Analysing GAW Data

• Trend Analysis, Processes, Phenomena

  • Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009
    Asmi, A. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 5505 - 5538
  • Aerosol decadal trends – Part 1: In-situ optical measurements at GAW and IMPROVE stations
    Collaud Coen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 869-894
  • Aerosol decadal trends – Part 2: In-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations
    Asmi, A. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 13, 895-916
  • Light-absorbing carbon in Europe - measurement and modelling, with a focus on residential wood combustion emissions
    Genberg, J. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 13, 8719-8738
  • Annual cycle of Antarctic baseline aerosol: controlled by photooxidation-limited aerosol formation
    Fiebig, M. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 3083-3093
  • Variations in tropospheric submicron particle size distributions across the European continent 2008-2009
    Beddows, D.C.S. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 4327-4348
  • Quantifying black carbon from biomass burning by means of levoglucosan - a one-year time series at the Arctic observatory Zeppelin
    Yttri, K.E. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 6427-6442

• Model Validation and Comparisons

  • Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity
    Mann, G.W. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 4679-4713
  • Evaluation of aerosol number concentrations in NorESM with improved nucleation parameterization
    Makkonen, R. et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys 14, 5127-5152